What is an HSN code?

HSN stands for Harmonized System of Nomenclature. It is an internationally recognised system used to classify goods.

The system groups products into sections, chapters, headings, and subheadings based on their characteristics.

Under GST, businesses use HSN codes to identify goods and determine the relevant tax classification.

What is an SAC code?

SAC stands for Services Accounting Code.

SAC codes are used under GST to classify services rather than physical goods.

Service classifications fall under Chapter 99 of the GST classification system.

An SAC code generally contains six digits and identifies the specific nature of the service being supplied.

SAC code vs HSN code: what is the difference?

The easiest way to remember the difference is:

Goods = HSN
Services = SAC

How are HSN codes structured?

HSN codes become more specific as additional digits are added.

Broadly:

• the first two digits identify the chapter
• the next two identify the heading
• additional digits identify increasingly specific subheadings

Businesses should classify the actual product rather than choosing a code simply because its description looks similar.

How are SAC codes structured?

SAC classifications for services generally use six digits.

The service classification begins within Chapter 99, after which the remaining digits narrow the category down to a particular type of service.

How many HSN digits are required under GST?

The number of HSN digits required on invoices depends on the taxpayer's Aggregate Annual Turnover (AATO) and applicable GST requirements.

Under the current GST framework:
Businesses covered by e-invoicing should also ensure that the HSN entered is valid under the e-invoice system.

Where are HSN and SAC codes used?

Businesses commonly use HSN or SAC codes in GST invoices, e-invoices, returns, credit and debit notes, and accounting systems. HSN codes also play a wider role in customs and international trade.

How do you find the correct HSN or SAC code?

Start by identifying exactly what you are supplying.

For goods

Check the product's:

• material
• function
• composition
• level of processing
• technical characteristics

Then compare it with the relevant HSN heading and description.

For services

Identify the actual nature of the service.

For example, “technology” is too broad. Software development, IT consulting, hosting, and other technology services may fall under different service descriptions.

Why does the correct HSN or SAC code matter?

Correct classification helps businesses apply the right GST rate, issue accurate invoices, maintain consistent GST reporting, and, for goods, support customs and tariff classification.

What if a business sells both goods and services?

A business can use both HSN and SAC codes.

For example, an electronics company may:

• sell equipment classified using an HSN code
• charge for installation or maintenance classified using the relevant SAC code

Each line item should be classified based on what is actually being supplied and the GST treatment applicable to the transaction.

Where goods and services are supplied together, businesses should also consider GST rules relating to composite and mixed supplies rather than automatically splitting every component.

Common HSN and SAC code mistakes

Avoid:

• using SAC codes for goods or HSN classifications for services
• copying codes from unrelated invoices
• choosing classifications only by searching a broad product name
• using outdated product or service masters
• applying a GST rate without verifying the underlying classification
• assuming every international HS code maps identically to India's detailed tariff classification

For Indian businesses selling internationally, correct classification is one part of the transaction. The next step is collecting and reconciling the overseas payment efficiently.

PayGlocal helps Indian businesses accept international payments and maintain clearer transaction and settlement records, making cross-border collections easier to manage.